Reload Linker Libraries Mac

I am not sure how many of these are available for windows. LibSystem is specific to Mac. The winobjc bridge will not provide every library available in Mac. Rather, it provides implementation for a subset of the iOS objc framework libraries that would allow you to port your app to windows. Describe the bug linking to pcre2 fails using qt on mac in Debug config. In Release config libpq doesn't link correctly. Environment OS: Mac OS X 10.15 Compiler: Clang 11.0.0 To Reproduce link to Qt in CMake build the executable with CMa.

Reload Linker Libraries Mac Os
Reload Linker Libraries Machine
Reload Linker Libraries Mac Os

I‘ve compile and installed a library at /usr/local/lib/libapp2.so -> libapp2.so.1.4.3. How do I set the Library path under Linux operating systems?
You need to use ldconfig config file and ldconfig command which creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories such as /lib64 or /usr/lib64 (/lib or /usr/lib on 32 bit systems). The /etc/ld.so.conf contains lib settings which can be used to add or delete paths. However, you need to simply drop your config file in /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ directory and it will be used by /sbin/ldconfig to configure dynamic linker run time bindings. Reload Linker Libraries Mac

Add Your Path

Create a file called /etc/ld.so.conf.d/myapp.conf:
# vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/myapp.conf
Add the following path:

Save and close the file.

Activate Your Library Path

You must run the following command to activate path:
# ldconfig

Verify Your New Library Path

# ldconfig -v | less
OR
# ldconfig -v | grep /usr/local/lib
Sample outputs:

How Do I Delete The Library Path?

Simply, delete the file:
# rm /etc/ld.so.conf.d/myapp.conf # ldconfig

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How Do I Edit The Library Path?

Simply edit the file and reload the changes:
# vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/myapp.conf # ldconfig

How Do I Compile Program With Shared Libs And GNU GCC?

You can use the following gcc
$ gcc -Wl,-R/path/to/lib -I/path/to/include -L/path/to/lib -o myAppName mycode.c -llibapp2
See gcc man page for further details.

What is a Library In Linux or UNIX?

In Linux or UNIX like operating system, a library is noting but a collection of resources such as subroutines / functions, classes, values or type specifications. There are two types of libraries:

Static libraries – All lib*.a fills are included into executables that use their functions. For example you can run a sendmail binary in chrooted jail using statically liked libs.
Dynamic libraries or linking [ also known as DSO (dynamic shared object)] – All lib*.so* files are not copied into executables. The executable will automatically load the libraries using ld.so or ld-linux.so.

Linux Library Management Commands

ldconfig : Updates the necessary links for the run time link bindings.
ldd : Tells what libraries a given program needs to run.
ltrace : A library call tracer.
ld.so/ld-linux.so: Dynamic linker/loader.

Important Files

As a sys admin you should be aware of important files related to shared libraries:

/lib/ld-linux.so.* : Execution time linker/loader.
/etc/ld.so.conf : File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma separated directories in which to search for libraries.
/etc/ld.so.cache : File containing an ordered list of libraries found in the directories specified in /etc/ld.so.conf. This file is not in human readable format, and is not intended to be edited. This file is created by ldconfig command.
lib*.so.version : Shared libraries stores in /lib, /usr/lib, /usr/lib64, /lib64, /usr/local/lib directories.

#1: ldconfig command

You need to use the ldconfig command to create, update, and remove the necessary links and cache (for use by the run-time linker, ld.so) to the most recent shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/usr/lib, /lib64 and /lib). The ldconfig command checks the header and file names of the libraries it encounters when determining which versions should have their links updated. This command also creates a file called /etc/ld.so.cache which is used to speed up linking.

Examples

In this example, you’ve installed a new set of shared libraries at /usr/local/lib/:
$ ls -l /usr/local/lib/
Sample outputs:

Now when you run an app related to libGeoIP.so, you will get an error about missing library. You need to run ldconfig command manually to link libraries by passing them as command line arguments with the -l switch:
# ldconfig -l /path/to/lib/our.new.lib.so
Another recommended options for sys admin is to create a file called /etc/ld.so.conf.d/geoip.conf as follows:

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Now just run ldconfig to update the cache:
# ldconfig
To verify new libs or to look for a linked library, enter:
# ldconfig -v # ldconfig -v | grep -i geoip
Sample outputs:

Troubleshooting Chrooted Jails

You can print the current cache with the -p option:
# ldconfig -p
Putting web server such as Apache / Nginx / Lighttpd in a chroot jail minimizes the damage done by a potential break-in by isolating the web server to a small section of the filesystem. It is also necessary to copy all files required by Apache inside the filesystem rooted at /jail/ directory , including web server binaries, shared Libraries, modules, configuration files, and php/perl/html web pages. You need to also copy /etc/{ld.so.cache,ld.so.conf} files and /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ directory to /jail/etc/ directory. Use the ldconfig command to update, print and troubleshoot chrooted jail problems:

Rootkits

A rootkit is a program (or combination of several programs) designed to take fundamental control of a computer system, without authorization by the system’s owners and legitimate managers. Usually, rootkit use /lib, /lib64, /usr/local/lib directories to hide itself from real root users. You can use ldconfig command to view all the cache of all shared libraries and unwanted programs:
# /sbin/ldconfig -p | less
You can also use various tools to detect rootkits under Linux.

Common errors

You may see the errors as follows:

Dynamic linker error in foo
Can’t map cache file cache-file
Cache file cache-file foo

All of the above errors means the linker cache file /etc/ld.so.cache is corrupt or does not exists. To fix these errors simply run the ldconfig command as follows:
# ldconfig

Can’t find library xyz Error

The executable required a dynamically linked library that ld.so or ld-linux.so cannot find. It means a library called xyz needed by the program called foo not installed or path is not set. To fix this problem install xyz library and set path in /etc/ld.so.conf file or create a file in /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ directory.

#2: ldd command

ldd (List Dynamic Dependencies) is a Unix and Linux program to display the shared libraries required by each program. This tools is required to build and run various server programs in a chroot jail. A typical example is as follows to list the Apache server shared libraries, enter:
# ldd /usr/sbin/httpd
Sample outputs:

Now, you can copy all those libs one by one to /jail directory

You can write a bash script to automate the entire procedure:

Call cp_support_shared_libs() it as follows:

Report Missing Functions

Type the following command:
$ ldd -d /path/to/executable

Report Missing Objects

Type the following command:
$ ldd -r /path/to/executable

Determine If Particular Feature Supported Or Not

TCP Wrapper is a host-based Networking ACL system, used to filter network access to Internet. TCP wrappers was original written to monitor and stop cracking activities on the UNIX / Linux systems. To determine whether a given executable daemon supports TCP Wrapper or not, run the following command:
$ ldd /usr/sbin/sshd | grep libwrap
Sample outputs:

The output indicates that the OpenSSH (sshd) daemon supports TCP Wrapper.

Other usage of ldd command

You can use the ldd command when an executable is failing because of a missing dependency. Once you found a missing dependency, you can install it or update the cache with the ldconfig command as mentioned above.

#3: ltrace command

The ltrace command simply runs the specified command until it exits. It intercepts and records the dynamic library calls which are called by the executed process and the signals which are received by that process. It can also intercept and print the system calls executed by the program. Its use is very similar to strace command.
# ltrace /usr/sbin/httpd # ltrace /sbin/chroot /usr/sbin/httpd # ltrace /bin/ls
Sample outputs:

The ltrace command is a perfect debugging utility in Linux:

To monitor the library calls used by a program and all the signals it receives.
For tracking the execution of processes.
It can also show system calls, used by a program.

ltrace Command Examples

Consider the following c program:

Compile and run it as follows:
$ cc hello.c -o hello $ ./hello
Now use the ltrace command to tracking the execution of processes:
$ ltrace -S -tt ./hello
Sample outputs:

You need to carefully monitor the order and arguments of selected functions such as open() [used to open and possibly create a file or device] or chown() [used to change ownership of a file] so that you can spot simple kinds of race conditions or security related problems. This is quite useful for evaluating the security of binary programs to find out what kind of changes made to the system.

ltrace: Debugging Memory & I/O Usage For HA Based Cluster Computers

The ltrace command can be used to trace memory usage of the malloc() and free() functions in C program. You can calculate the amount of memory allocated as follows:
[node303 ~]$ ltrace -e malloc,free ./simulator arg1 agr2 arg3
The ltrace will start ./simulator program and it will trace the malloc() and free() functions. You can find out I/O problems as follows:
[node303 ~]$ ltrace -e fopen,fread,fwrite,fclose ./simulator arg1 agr2 arg3
You may need to change function names as your programming languages or UNIX platform may use different memory allocation functions.

#4: ld.so/ld-linux.so Command

The ld.so or / ld-linux.so used as follows by Linux:

To load the shared libraries needed by a program.
To prepare the program to run, and then runs it.

List All Dependencies and How They Are Resolved